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CentOS Minimal Build
Installing CentOS Minimal Build Server
Installing Centos 6.4
CentOS (Community Enterprise Operating System) is a free Linux operating system that has 100% binary comparability with RHEL (Red hat Enterprise Linux). Because of this compatibility, many organisations choose CentOS as their choice of Linux. In the example that follows, we will show you how to install a minimal system without a graphical desktop. We will then go through the process of adding the graphical desktop and other components from the command line. To install CentOS 6.4 simply follow the instructions below:
To download your iso image of CentOS 6.4, simply follow this Link: CentOS 6.4 Download
For newer versions of CentOS6.x: Download CentOS 6.x
To download your iso image of CentOS 6.4, simply follow this Link: CentOS 6.4 Download
For newer versions of CentOS6.x: Download CentOS 6.x
Once you have downloaded your CentOS iso image for the relevant architecture (32 bit or 64 bit), you will need to burn this to a blank DVD. For software that can do this, search for 'dvd iso burning software' in the search box located at the top of this page. Your system may already have CD/DVD burning software installed such as 'Brasero, K3B, Nero, CDBurnerXP or Roxio'. Once you have burned your 'iso' image of CentOS 6.4 to your DVD, you will need to leave the DVD in the DVD drive and reboot your system. (This example assumes you are using a i386 32bit version of the software). As your computer reboots, you will need to press the appropriate key to access your system's BIOS settings. On many systems this key will be 'F8', 'F11' or 'F12'. Most systems will display the a message indicating which key needs to be pressed. Once you have access to your BIOS settings, you will need to modify the boot sequence order of your system to boot from CD/DVD first. Once you have made this change, you can reboot your system and follow the instructions below.
Welcome to CentOS 6.4 Installer Menu
To start your installation of Centos 6.4, simply highlight the 'Install or upgrade an existing system' and press enter. Your installation will now start.
Test Media
It is always recommended that you test your media before carrying out an installation. If you are happy that your media is OK, then select 'skip' to continue.
CentOS Logo
To continue with your installation, click 'Next'.
Select Installation Language
At this screen you will need to select the language to be used during your installation.
Select Keyboard
From this screen you need to select the keyboard type to be used with your installation. I have selected 'united Kingdom' in the example.
Select Installation Device
From this menu, select 'Basic Storage Devices' (assuming you will be using a standard hard drive).
Storage Device Warning
From this screen you must confirm that any data on the specified disk can be discarded. Choose the option 'Yes, discard any data' if you ar happy to continue.
Select a hostname for your system
Select the name you want to use for your system on your network. This name should be a unique name on your network. It is good practice to use a naming convention that perhaps describes the server type and number if you have numerous servers. For this example I have gone with ' centos64'.
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Select Time Zone Location
Choose the location that you are located in. In the example, I have chosen 'Europe/London' as this is my location.
Root Password
You must now specify a root password to be used for administering your system.
Installation Type?
From this screen you must select one of the options. In the example I have chosen 'Use All Space' as this is a virtual disk and no other operating systems are present.
Write Configuration to Disk
If you are happy with your selections, you need to choose the 'Write changes to disk' to continue with the installation.
Choose OS Installation Type
Various choices are available to choose from depending on your planned use for your system. In this example I have chosen the default installation option. This will provide a basic system without a graphical interface. A Graphical interface (desktop) can be added after your installation. This will be covered later. To complete your installation, click 'Next'.
Installation complete
Congratulations, your minimal CentOS 6.4 installation is now complete. You must remove any media from your CD/DVD drive and reboot your system.
CentOS Loading Screen
If all goes well, you should see the following loading screen while your system is booting.
Login Screen
From the login screen, you will need to login with the 'root' user account and password.
Configuring the Network
Before we continue with creating any additional accounts, we need to define our network connection 'eth0'.
The command ip a s is used to display our current interfaces . The one we are interested in is 'eth0'. Currently their is no IP address assigned and the interface is indicating that it is in a DOWN state.
To configure 'eth0' to obtain an IP address automatically, we need to check that it is using 'dhcp' and that the interface should be started automatically at boot'. We can check the current configuration by navigating to '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts'. Our interface configuration is stored in a file called 'ifcfg-eth0'.
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The command ip a s is used to display our current interfaces . The one we are interested in is 'eth0'. Currently their is no IP address assigned and the interface is indicating that it is in a DOWN state.
To configure 'eth0' to obtain an IP address automatically, we need to check that it is using 'dhcp' and that the interface should be started automatically at boot'. We can check the current configuration by navigating to '/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts'. Our interface configuration is stored in a file called 'ifcfg-eth0'.
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Configuring interface eth0
Using an editor of your choice, you will need to edit the file 'ifcfg-eth0' file an change its settings to match the ones below. You must not change the 'HWADDR' or 'UUID' options as these will be correct for your system. The only change should be to ensure that the 'ONBOOT' option is set to 'yes'.:
Once you have made your changes and saved these. You will need to restart your network services with the command:
service network restart
Now if we issue the command ip a s we should see that our interface has now been assigned an IP address.
service network restart
Now if we issue the command ip a s we should see that our interface has now been assigned an IP address.
Adding a new user account
At some point you will need to create a local account on your installation. The easiest way to achieve this is to issue the 'useradd' command. In the example below the following commands were issued to create a user called 'john'. (amend accordingly)
useradd -m -c 'John Local Account' john
The above will create the user 'john' with a home area of '/home/john'. Before you can use the account, you will need to set a password.
The command for assigning a password is passwd
passwd john
You will be asked to verify your password.
useradd -m -c 'John Local Account' john
The above will create the user 'john' with a home area of '/home/john'. Before you can use the account, you will need to set a password.
The command for assigning a password is passwd
passwd john
You will be asked to verify your password.
Reboot your system
To test out our new account and our network interface, we are going to reboot our server. The command to reboot is:
shutdown -r now
Our server should now shut down and restart. Once the server is backup we can use our new account:
shutdown -r now
Our server should now shut down and restart. Once the server is backup we can use our new account:
Installing a Graphical Desktop (GNOME or KDE)
To install the GNOME desktop simply issue the command:
yum -y groupinstall 'Desktop' 'Desktop Platform' 'X Window System' 'Fonts'
You may also install the KDE desktop if you prefer with the command:
yum -y groupinstall kde-desktop
yum -y groupinstall 'Desktop' 'Desktop Platform' 'X Window System' 'Fonts'
You may also install the KDE desktop if you prefer with the command:
yum -y groupinstall kde-desktop
Change Current runlevel
As we have decided to add the GNOME desktop, we will need to change our default runlevel from '3' to '5' for the graphical environment to load. To do this we need to edit the following line in the file '/etc/inittab'
id:3:initdefault:
Currently this line specifies to start in a none graphical mode (runlevel 3). We need to change this to specify runlevel '5'. Amend the line to read:
id:5:initdefault:
After installing the above, you will need to reboot your system by issuing the command:
shutdown -r now
id:3:initdefault:
Currently this line specifies to start in a none graphical mode (runlevel 3). We need to change this to specify runlevel '5'. Amend the line to read:
id:5:initdefault:
After installing the above, you will need to reboot your system by issuing the command:
shutdown -r now
Other Popular packages
You may also wish to install some of the following packages:
yum -y groupinstall 'Internet Browser'
yum -y groupinstall 'General Purpose Desktop'
yum -y groupinstall 'Office Suite and Productivity'
yum -y groupinstall 'Internet Browser'
yum -y groupinstall 'General Purpose Desktop'
yum -y groupinstall 'Office Suite and Productivity'
Login Screen
After your reboot, your screen should be similar to the one in the example. Here you need to click on your local account and login with the password you created earlier.
GNOME Desktop
After you have logged in, you should now see your GNOME desktop and any of the additional software that you have installed.
KDE Login Screen
If you installed both desktop options GNOME and KDE, then you you will offered a choice of desktop to use. You can switch between either KDE or GNOME from the menu located at the bottom of the screen.
KDE Desktop
After you have logged in, you should now see your KDE desktop and any of the additional software that you have installed.
I have installed CentOS 6 in Virtualbox. Although I have chosen to install General Purpose GNOME Desktop, the GNOME desktop does not start. All I get is a black and white text prompt. I would like to know how I can install GNOME Desktop from the CentOS DVD.
- How do I mount the DVD image?
- How do I install GNOME desktop from command line?
- If I already have the GNOME Desktop installed, why doesn't it start? How can I check from command line that I have GNOME installled?
This virtual machine does not have internet connection, that's why I want to install the GNOME Desktop from DVD.
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1 Answer
As you have installed CentOS in VirtualBox, and as I understand, while installing you haven't choose X window system, so you are getting black screen with white cursor blinking.
Now what you can do is, install X Window System. If you have internet access in VirtualBox then you can try
This will use your internet connection to download the packages and install on system.
If you don't have internet access in VirtualBox then I will suggest you to mount the CD ROM in a virtual machine and install using that.
First of all you need to create a mount point and mount the Installation Media
Now you have to create a local repository in
/etc/yum.repo.d/
In this file write
Now you can install the X Window system using
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Let me know if you still have any problem.
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Abhinav ChittoraAbhinav Chittora